Doctors in Tustin, CA
185 physicians listed in the NPPES public registry. Page 1 of 4.
NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.
Dr. Philip Fagan, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $362.41 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$362.41
Total received
5
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Philip Fagan do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Chin-Wei Huang, MD
Sleep Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $674.90 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$674.90
Total received
34
Transactions
6
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 1,271 sleep medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $428 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 73th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US sleep medicine doctors.
Payments to Chin-Wei Huang do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Joseph Swickard, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Robin Dore, MD
Rheumatology
CMS Open Payments· $132,426 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$132,426
Total received
229
Transactions
22
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 6,451 rheumatology doctors we've analyzed, about 56% received any industry payment (median $958 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US rheumatology doctors.
Payments to Robin Dore do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Karen Babel, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. August Maggio, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Vince Afsahi, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $496.46 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$496.46
Total received
11
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 65th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Vince Afsahi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Rita Ellithorpe, MD
General Practice
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Patrick Lee, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ronald Cotliar, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Moothedath Menon, MD
Gastroenterology
CMS Open Payments· $26.84 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$26.84
Total received
2
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 17,272 gastroenterology doctors we've analyzed, about 63% received any industry payment (median $623 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 41th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US gastroenterology doctors.
Payments to Moothedath Menon do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Mark Schafer, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Joel Neutel, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $6,515,171 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$6,515,171
Total received
318
Transactions
16
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Joel Neutel do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Won Yu, MD
Gastroenterology
CMS Open Payments· $1,235 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,235
Total received
70
Transactions
17
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 17,272 gastroenterology doctors we've analyzed, about 63% received any industry payment (median $623 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 78th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US gastroenterology doctors.
Payments to Won Yu do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Lowell Gordon, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $963.10 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$963.10
Total received
19
Transactions
13
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Lowell Gordon do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Jacqueline Do, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Yuki Kashiwabara, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Bernard Bennett, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Anh-Dao Le, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $1,394 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,394
Total received
46
Transactions
6
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 80th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Anh-Dao Le do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Roger Mcwilliams, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Guy Randazzo, MD
Pulmonary Disease
CMS Open Payments· $14.10 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$14.10
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,317 pulmonary disease doctors we've analyzed, about 54% received any industry payment (median $474 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 46th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pulmonary disease doctors.
Payments to Guy Randazzo do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Michael Cater, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Valeria Kozak, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $176.29 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$176.29
Total received
8
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 90% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Valeria Kozak do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Norah Gutrecht, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Hsiao Ping Tang, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Susan Sharp, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ernest Mackey, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $109.15 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$109.15
Total received
5
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Ernest Mackey do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Dawn Bruner, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Khaldoun Debian, MD
Gastroenterology
CMS Open Payments· $94,524 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$94,524
Total received
68
Transactions
12
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 17,272 gastroenterology doctors we've analyzed, about 63% received any industry payment (median $623 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 98% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US gastroenterology doctors.
Payments to Khaldoun Debian do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Daniel Eichinger, DO
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Dzung Pham, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Cheryl Thomas, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Marilyn Sosna, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Uzma Nasim, MD
Neurology
CMS Open Payments· $126.99 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$126.99
Total received
7
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 22,669 neurology doctors we've analyzed, about 51% received any industry payment (median $640 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 62th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurology doctors.
Payments to Uzma Nasim do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Sangeeta Patel, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $27.21 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$27.21
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 76th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Sangeeta Patel do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Robert Borrowdale, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology
CMS Open Payments· $77.40 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$77.40
Total received
3
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 47,072 obstetrics & gynecology doctors we've analyzed, about 47% received any industry payment (median $178 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 67th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US obstetrics & gynecology doctors.
Payments to Robert Borrowdale do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Miguel Dominguez, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· $105.88 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$105.88
Total received
5
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 62,108 anesthesiology doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $64 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anesthesiology doctors.
Payments to Miguel Dominguez do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Gideon Strich, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Angela Dangvu, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $120.10 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$120.10
Total received
5
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Angela Dangvu do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Andrew Tran, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Stanley Cho, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $61.75 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$61.75
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 76th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Stanley Cho do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Dinesh Kumar, MD
Infectious Disease
CMS Open Payments· $274.62 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$274.62
Total received
5
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 3,681 infectious disease doctors we've analyzed, about 83% received any industry payment (median $1,189 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 34th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US infectious disease doctors.
Payments to Dinesh Kumar do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Wieke Liem, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $2,000 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$2,000
Total received
80
Transactions
18
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 85th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Wieke Liem do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Mohamed Al-Sadek, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Yancey Beamer, MD
Neurological Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Yusaku Uchimura, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Usha Ganesan, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. John Sarkaria, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $49.69 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$49.69
Total received
3
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 72th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to John Sarkaria do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Fergus Ng, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Jamshid Maleki, MD
General Practice
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Otto Liao, MD
Pediatric Cardiology
CMS Open Payments· $2,339 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$2,339
Total received
106
Transactions
21
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 580 pediatric cardiology doctors we've analyzed, about 53% received any industry payment (median $889 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 81th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatric cardiology doctors.
Payments to Otto Liao do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Thanh Phung, MD
General Practice
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Pedro Carrillo, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $60.96 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$60.96
Total received
3
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 76th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Pedro Carrillo do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Thomas Hwang, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $548.89 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$548.89
Total received
22
Transactions
11
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Thomas Hwang do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Susan Ban, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $308.16 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$308.16
Total received
14
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 85th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Susan Ban do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Misty Rydelski, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Huong Duong, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $593.50 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$593.50
Total received
28
Transactions
10
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Huong Duong do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Chinyere Amadi, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Emerson Jou, MD
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Carl Selin, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.