Family Medicine in Melbourne, FL
95 verified family medicine doctors in Melbourne. Page 1 of 2.
Family medicine physicians provide comprehensive primary care for patients of all ages, from newborns to seniors — managing everyday illness, chronic conditions, and preventive care.
NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.
Dr. David Badolato, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $1,393 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,393
Total received
78
Transactions
16
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 96% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to David Badolato do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Donna Johnston, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $328.08 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$328.08
Total received
10
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Donna Johnston do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Marilyn Moss, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $464.17 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$464.17
Total received
24
Transactions
12
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 90% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Marilyn Moss do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Carol Schmidt, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $1,175 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,175
Total received
27
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 95% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Carol Schmidt do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Sung Taylor, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Kimberly Mckee, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Douglas Mckee, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Timothy Laird, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Lynette Graff, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Mark Pinsky, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $64.85 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$64.85
Total received
4
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 77th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Mark Pinsky do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Patricia Buxton, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Danny Berk, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $1,603 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,603
Total received
87
Transactions
20
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Danny Berk do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Elizabeth Pepe, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Gary Dana, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Donald Dehaven, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Jeffrey Mcdougall, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Thomas Anderson, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $301.67 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$301.67
Total received
15
Transactions
11
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Thomas Anderson do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Stephanie Haridopolos, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Judy Ann Mayor-Davies, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $995.39 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$995.39
Total received
55
Transactions
14
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 95% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Judy Ann Mayor-Davies do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ann Peterson, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Catherine Rossi, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Craig Snow, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $432.42 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$432.42
Total received
23
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 90% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Craig Snow do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Steven Israel, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Danny Rader, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Oscar Oneill-Rosado, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Victoriano Gutierrez, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Glenn Slomin, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Frances Dilley, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Richard Nielsen, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Christopher Galloway, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $3,250,136 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$3,250,136
Total received
1,006
Transactions
16
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Christopher Galloway do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Eugene Wenthe, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Esmat Gayed, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $256.28 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$256.28
Total received
13
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Esmat Gayed do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. David Jones, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Bachu Patel, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Karen Stewart, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Tom Gladfelter, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Frank Ditz, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $25,320 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$25,320
Total received
112
Transactions
16
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 99% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Frank Ditz do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Milad Chrieki, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $852.70 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$852.70
Total received
31
Transactions
12
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 94% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Milad Chrieki do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Michael Wolfington, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $269.88 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$269.88
Total received
3
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Michael Wolfington do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. David Smith, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $234.50 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$234.50
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to David Smith do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Sohair Sedaros, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Kenneth Mcelynn, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $22.81 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$22.81
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 70th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Kenneth Mcelynn do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Lawrence Nelson, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $27.77 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$27.77
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 72th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Lawrence Nelson do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Eduardo Nevarez-Carrillo, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $43.82 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$43.82
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 74th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Eduardo Nevarez-Carrillo do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Myredsi Soto-Varela, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $22.43 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$22.43
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 70th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Myredsi Soto-Varela do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Christina Bovelsky, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Murray Kimmel, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $1,191,861 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,191,861
Total received
163
Transactions
10
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Murray Kimmel do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Sandra Keefe, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Pierre Leroux, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $23.61 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$23.61
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 71th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Pierre Leroux do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Marta Cyzio, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Elizabeth Vasser, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Onyekachi Nwabuko, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Lena Johnson, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $49.89 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$49.89
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 75th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Lena Johnson do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Alex Andujar Alejandro, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $1,129 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,129
Total received
28
Transactions
7
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 95% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Alex Andujar Alejandro do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ana Restrepo, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Raman Ashta, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $316.78 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$316.78
Total received
17
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Raman Ashta do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Chandra Mangra, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Cherryl Premdass, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $17.25 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$17.25
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 68th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Cherryl Premdass do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Eric Denley, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $198.66 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$198.66
Total received
14
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 85th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Eric Denley do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Madhavi Chary, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $108.69 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$108.69
Total received
5
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 80th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Madhavi Chary do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.