Doctors in Omaha, NE
3569 physicians listed in the NPPES public registry. Page 31 of 60.
NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.
Verify a license at the Nebraska Board of Medicine & Surgery
Dr. Jason Patera, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Brynn Lastovica, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Scott Vincent, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $629.77 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$629.77
Total received
7
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 28,855 orthopaedic surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $545 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 70th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US orthopaedic surgery doctors.
Payments to Scott Vincent do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Tedd Welniak, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Katrina Lancaster-Shorts, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Parul Jindal, MD
Neurology
CMS Open Payments· $587.08 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$587.08
Total received
31
Transactions
14
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 22,669 neurology doctors we've analyzed, about 51% received any industry payment (median $640 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 74th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurology doctors.
Payments to Parul Jindal do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Gwenn Skar, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Cale Kassel, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Andrew Rorie, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $31,190 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$31,190
Total received
25
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 98% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Andrew Rorie do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Philip Boucher, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $348,984 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$348,984
Total received
29
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Philip Boucher do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Christopher Hasiak, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $138.14 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$138.14
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 79th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Christopher Hasiak do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Angela Beavers, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. James Ramig, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $1,472 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,472
Total received
94
Transactions
19
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to James Ramig do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Chunyan Liu, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· $23.27 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$23.27
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,988 anatomic & clinical pathology doctors we've analyzed, about 17% received any industry payment (median $71 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US anatomic & clinical pathology doctors.
Payments to Chunyan Liu do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Jasmine Marcelin, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ruthri Goodwin, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Rachel Mercer, MD
Ophthalmology
CMS Open Payments· $137.12 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$137.12
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 23,451 ophthalmology doctors we've analyzed, about 60% received any industry payment (median $348 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 56th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US ophthalmology doctors.
Payments to Rachel Mercer do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Martin Goodenberger, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Joel Van De Graaff, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $113.76 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$113.76
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 77th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Joel Van De Graaff do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Kathleen Davis, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Trek Langenhan, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Derrick Eichele, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $12,047 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$12,047
Total received
18
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Derrick Eichele do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Amy Hargrove, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $63.84 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$63.84
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 39,537 surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 52% received any industry payment (median $305 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 58th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US surgery doctors.
Payments to Amy Hargrove do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ojasvini Choudhry Chandan, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $400.00 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$400.00
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 96% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Ojasvini Choudhry Chandan do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Christopher Acker, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $187.00 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$187.00
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 96% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to Christopher Acker do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ariana Bauer, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $412,768 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$412,768
Total received
82
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 100% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Ariana Bauer do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Mitchell Weber, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $82.07 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$82.07
Total received
4
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 74th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Mitchell Weber do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Whitney Wedel, MD
Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ross Eppelheimer, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Charles Walcutt, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Kenneth Barjenbruch, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Alberto Marcelin, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Adam Highley, MD
Pulmonary Disease
CMS Open Payments· $13,073 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$13,073
Total received
17
Transactions
6
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,317 pulmonary disease doctors we've analyzed, about 54% received any industry payment (median $474 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 93% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pulmonary disease doctors.
Payments to Adam Highley do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Timothy Dorius, MD
Hematology & Oncology
CMS Open Payments· $11,853 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$11,853
Total received
107
Transactions
43
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 11,711 hematology & oncology doctors we've analyzed, about 62% received any industry payment (median $1,465 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 82th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US hematology & oncology doctors.
Payments to Timothy Dorius do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Nicolle Peterson, DO
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Jitendra Pandya, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $367.79 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$367.79
Total received
5
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Jitendra Pandya do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Caitlin Renn, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $302.44 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$302.44
Total received
18
Transactions
7
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 94% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Caitlin Renn do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Gangadasu Reddy, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Daniel Heckmann, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ashima Srivastava, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ali Hamidi, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $94.64 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$94.64
Total received
3
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 79th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Ali Hamidi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Elizabeth Edney, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Thuy Koll, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Jacqueline Poole, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $19.93 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$19.93
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 66th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Jacqueline Poole do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Urmila Mukherjee, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Gregory Wigington, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Aarti Gupta, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Marin Broucek, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· $29.25 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$29.25
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 57,336 psychiatry doctors we've analyzed, about 24% received any industry payment (median $180 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 80th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US psychiatry doctors.
Payments to Marin Broucek do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Wuttiporn Manatsathit, MD
Gastroenterology
CMS Open Payments· $52,437 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$52,437
Total received
6
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 17,272 gastroenterology doctors we've analyzed, about 63% received any industry payment (median $623 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US gastroenterology doctors.
Payments to Wuttiporn Manatsathit do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Minky Saini, MD
Sleep Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $641.49 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$641.49
Total received
17
Transactions
10
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 1,271 sleep medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $428 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 73th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US sleep medicine doctors.
Payments to Minky Saini do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Laura Trapp, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $227.86 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$227.86
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 85th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Laura Trapp do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. James Campbell, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Amy Evans, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Jaya Gupta, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. John Park, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $73,236 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$73,236
Total received
262
Transactions
25
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 39,537 surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 52% received any industry payment (median $305 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 99% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US surgery doctors.
Payments to John Park do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Timothy Tse, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Bruce Henricks, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ernest Haffke, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Joseph Thirumalareddy, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $34.61 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$34.61
Total received
2
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 70th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Joseph Thirumalareddy do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.