Doctors in Hamilton, NJ
293 physicians listed in the NPPES public registry. Page 4 of 5.
NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.
Verify a license at the New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners
Dr. Richard Scafidi, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Edward Wingfield, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $13,937 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$13,937
Total received
96
Transactions
18
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 98% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Edward Wingfield do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Sara Ali, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $101.40 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$101.40
Total received
6
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 76th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Sara Ali do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Michele Brown, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Tong Li, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Thomas Reilly, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· $49.87 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$49.87
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 45,487 diagnostic radiology doctors we've analyzed, about 22% received any industry payment (median $144 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 85th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US diagnostic radiology doctors.
Payments to Thomas Reilly do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Rupinder Chawla, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Keith Crivello, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Bashir Hanif, MD
Cardiovascular Disease
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Christi Weston, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· $15.33 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$15.33
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 57,336 psychiatry doctors we've analyzed, about 24% received any industry payment (median $180 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 77th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US psychiatry doctors.
Payments to Christi Weston do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Matthew Mcdonald, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Honesto Poblete, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $2,215 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$2,215
Total received
14
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 39,537 surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 52% received any industry payment (median $305 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US surgery doctors.
Payments to Honesto Poblete do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Anthony Burgos, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Rebecca Winter, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Joseph Kim, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Erik Gellella, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Farah Ahmedi, DO
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Charles Flores, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $45.88 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$45.88
Total received
3
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 80th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Charles Flores do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Michael Nazmy, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· $47.27 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$47.27
Total received
3
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 42th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.
Payments to Michael Nazmy do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. James Scott, DO
Orthopaedic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $249.10 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$249.10
Total received
9
Transactions
7
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 28,855 orthopaedic surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $545 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 59th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US orthopaedic surgery doctors.
Payments to James Scott do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Qingdi Geng, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Alexander Materna, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Niraj Bhalakia, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· $1,470 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,470
Total received
11
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 45,487 diagnostic radiology doctors we've analyzed, about 22% received any industry payment (median $144 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 96% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US diagnostic radiology doctors.
Payments to Niraj Bhalakia do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Callum Dupre, DO
Neurology
CMS Open Payments· $629.99 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$629.99
Total received
23
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 22,669 neurology doctors we've analyzed, about 51% received any industry payment (median $640 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 74th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurology doctors.
Payments to Callum Dupre do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Hafiz Iqbal, MD
Nephrology
CMS Open Payments· $68.42 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$68.42
Total received
4
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 10,935 nephrology doctors we've analyzed, about 59% received any industry payment (median $286 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 54th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US nephrology doctors.
Payments to Hafiz Iqbal do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Michael Stabile, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $165.71 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$165.71
Total received
4
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 83th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Michael Stabile do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Juliana Rodrigues, DO
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Neha Patel, MD
Rheumatology
CMS Open Payments· $43.87 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$43.87
Total received
3
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 6,451 rheumatology doctors we've analyzed, about 56% received any industry payment (median $958 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 49th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US rheumatology doctors.
Payments to Neha Patel do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Propa Ghosh, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· $972.09 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$972.09
Total received
49
Transactions
19
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 75th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.
Payments to Propa Ghosh do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Munira Mehta, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Matthew Adasofunjo, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Sandip Nayee, DO
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Javier Betancourt, DO
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $20.01 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$20.01
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 86th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to Javier Betancourt do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Marc Handler, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $667.24 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$667.24
Total received
30
Transactions
12
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 68th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Marc Handler do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Robert Laurente, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. David Feldstein, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· $492.12 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$492.12
Total received
18
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 45,487 diagnostic radiology doctors we've analyzed, about 22% received any industry payment (median $144 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 94% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US diagnostic radiology doctors.
Payments to David Feldstein do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Hany Tawfik, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Arafat Samara, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Temilola Sopeju, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Samuel Qassab, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· $2,760 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$2,760
Total received
15
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 88th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.
Payments to Samuel Qassab do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ali Rahyab, MD
Cardiovascular Disease
CMS Open Payments· $422.72 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$422.72
Total received
27
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 26,323 cardiovascular disease doctors we've analyzed, about 66% received any industry payment (median $653 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 61th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US cardiovascular disease doctors.
Payments to Ali Rahyab do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Nilofer Tohfafarosh, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Iryna Rudzinskiy, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Robert Sehgel, DO
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Shoaib Malik, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Meera Yogarajah, MD
Endocrinology
CMS Open Payments· $164.44 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$164.44
Total received
9
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 1,536 endocrinology doctors we've analyzed, about 57% received any industry payment (median $5,101 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 52th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US endocrinology doctors.
Payments to Meera Yogarajah do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Nimeh Najjar, MD
Pulmonary Disease
CMS Open Payments· $271.44 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$271.44
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,317 pulmonary disease doctors we've analyzed, about 54% received any industry payment (median $474 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 68th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pulmonary disease doctors.
Payments to Nimeh Najjar do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Christina Ott, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Priya Chokshi, MD
Rheumatology
CMS Open Payments· $150.83 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$150.83
Total received
9
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 6,451 rheumatology doctors we've analyzed, about 56% received any industry payment (median $958 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 57th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US rheumatology doctors.
Payments to Priya Chokshi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Christine Marriott, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $94.21 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$94.21
Total received
6
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 79th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Christine Marriott do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Hamid Masood, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $16.98 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$16.98
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 68th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Hamid Masood do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Noemi Spinazzi, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Kathleen Menold, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Prathiba Vermani-Sethi, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $42.08 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$42.08
Total received
2
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 90% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to Prathiba Vermani-Sethi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Normy Dessalines, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $442.16 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$442.16
Total received
22
Transactions
10
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Normy Dessalines do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Eric Osgood, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Shakil Shaikh, DO
Infectious Disease
CMS Open Payments· $1,171 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$1,171
Total received
70
Transactions
16
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 3,681 infectious disease doctors we've analyzed, about 83% received any industry payment (median $1,189 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 58th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US infectious disease doctors.
Payments to Shakil Shaikh do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Juhee Mian, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $578.58 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$578.58
Total received
26
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 136,402 family medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 35% received any industry payment (median $151 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 91% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US family medicine doctors.
Payments to Juhee Mian do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.