Doctors in Austin, TX
4509 physicians listed in the NPPES public registry. Page 41 of 76.
NPPES tenure ≠ clinical experience. "Years on NPPES" is time since the physician first registered a National Provider Identifier, not time practicing medicine. Verify current license status with the state medical board.
Dr. Ian Crooks, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Harris Brodsky, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Blayne Harris, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Huy Phan, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Adam Lasseter, MD
Anesthesiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Ashley Choucroun, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Joseph Elizondo, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Aarti Leyva, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $143.69 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$143.69
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 95% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to Aarti Leyva do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Andrea Wright, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Kirsten Nieto, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Narmadha Kalyanaswamy, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Tyler Jorgensen, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Julie Kappler, MD
Family Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Megan Mccoin, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology
CMS Open Payments· $785.38 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$785.38
Total received
43
Transactions
13
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 47,072 obstetrics & gynecology doctors we've analyzed, about 47% received any industry payment (median $178 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 93% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US obstetrics & gynecology doctors.
Payments to Megan Mccoin do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Kathryn Hudson, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $10,412 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$10,412
Total received
20
Transactions
8
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Kathryn Hudson do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Ellis Doan, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $124.72 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$124.72
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 78th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Ellis Doan do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Frank Hudson, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Raj Keriwala, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Jennifer Wright, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $46.46 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$46.46
Total received
3
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 71th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Jennifer Wright do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Kimberly West, DO
General Practice
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Daniel Friedmann, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $82,783 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$82,783
Total received
64
Transactions
7
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Daniel Friedmann do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Michal Klysik, MD
Diagnostic Radiology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Holli Sadler, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Laura Speck, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $825.85 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$825.85
Total received
17
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 71th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Laura Speck do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Alison Ewen, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Marco Vega, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· $516.05 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$516.05
Total received
27
Transactions
12
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 57,336 psychiatry doctors we've analyzed, about 24% received any industry payment (median $180 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 93% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US psychiatry doctors.
Payments to Marco Vega do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Gavin Moreland, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Marcos Sosa, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Gene Kim, MD
Ophthalmology
CMS Open Payments· $634.41 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$634.41
Total received
11
Transactions
7
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 23,451 ophthalmology doctors we've analyzed, about 60% received any industry payment (median $348 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 80th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US ophthalmology doctors.
Payments to Gene Kim do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Joshua Orrell, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Paul Foster, DO
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Loren Jones, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· $313.64 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$313.64
Total received
17
Transactions
11
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 58th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.
Payments to Loren Jones do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Gurneet Kohli, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $466.97 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$466.97
Total received
31
Transactions
7
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Gurneet Kohli do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Amy Mcclung, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $3,264 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$3,264
Total received
223
Transactions
20
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 90% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Amy Mcclung do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Roseanna Jackson-Parekh, MD
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Seema Varghees, MD
Psychiatry
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Seema Haiderzaidi, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Parviz Kavoussi, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· $52,921 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$52,921
Total received
56
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 97% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.
Payments to Parviz Kavoussi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Julia Choi, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $33.08 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$33.08
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total is on the lower end — around the 40th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Julia Choi do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Vani Menon, MD
Urology
CMS Open Payments· $553.28 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$553.28
Total received
7
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 13,930 urology doctors we've analyzed, about 65% received any industry payment (median $618 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 66th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US urology doctors.
Payments to Vani Menon do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Vinit Varu, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $247.91 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$247.91
Total received
6
Transactions
5
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 39,537 surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 52% received any industry payment (median $305 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 72th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US surgery doctors.
Payments to Vinit Varu do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Subhashie Wijemanne, MD
Neurology
CMS Open Payments· $14,859 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$14,859
Total received
61
Transactions
13
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 22,669 neurology doctors we've analyzed, about 51% received any industry payment (median $640 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 91% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurology doctors.
Payments to Subhashie Wijemanne do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Rebecca Wiatrek, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $465.48 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$465.48
Total received
12
Transactions
3
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 39,537 surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 52% received any industry payment (median $305 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 78th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US surgery doctors.
Payments to Rebecca Wiatrek do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Leticia Tiscareno-Grajeda, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $106.14 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$106.14
Total received
2
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 76th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Leticia Tiscareno-Grajeda do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Adrian Martinez, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $17.22 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$17.22
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 84th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to Adrian Martinez do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Mahmoud Soubra, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $203.69 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$203.69
Total received
11
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 183,896 internal medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 37% received any industry payment (median $195 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 82th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US internal medicine doctors.
Payments to Mahmoud Soubra do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Claire Isbell, MD
Surgery
CMS Open Payments· $6,219 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$6,219
Total received
6
Transactions
2
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 39,537 surgery doctors we've analyzed, about 52% received any industry payment (median $305 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 94% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US surgery doctors.
Payments to Claire Isbell do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Timothy Ruttan, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Angel Rodriguez, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Prakash Eapen, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Adham Jurdi, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Anne Cioletti, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Kusuma Kanaparthi, MD
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Lee Reichel, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Amol Desai, MD
Emergency Medicine
CMS Open Payments· $37.40 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$37.40
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 70,367 emergency medicine doctors we've analyzed, about 18% received any industry payment (median $60 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 89th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US emergency medicine doctors.
Payments to Amol Desai do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Caroline Cohen, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology
CMS Open Payments· $427.36 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$427.36
Total received
19
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 47,072 obstetrics & gynecology doctors we've analyzed, about 47% received any industry payment (median $178 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 87th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US obstetrics & gynecology doctors.
Payments to Caroline Cohen do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Kate Geary, DO
Internal Medicine
CMS Open Payments· No payments in 2023
Industry Payments
No industry payments on record in the 2023 CMS Open Payments data. This doctor received no reported payments from drug or device makers that year.
Dr. Shona Rabon, MD
Pediatrics
CMS Open Payments· $183.65 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$183.65
Total received
4
Transactions
4
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 84,711 pediatrics doctors we've analyzed, about 29% received any industry payment (median $101 among those who did). This doctor's total is higher than 91% of that group — among the highest recipients.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US pediatrics doctors.
Payments to Shona Rabon do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. John Jefferson, MD
Neurology
CMS Open Payments· $23.44 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$23.44
Total received
1
Transactions
1
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 22,669 neurology doctors we've analyzed, about 51% received any industry payment (median $640 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 52th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US neurology doctors.
Payments to John Jefferson do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.
Dr. Seema Daulat, MD
Dermatology
CMS Open Payments· $419.91 (2023)
Industry Payments (2023)
Reported by drug and device makers to CMS Open Payments. These payments are legal and disclosed — shown as context, not a judgment.
$419.91
Total received
16
Transactions
9
Paying companies
Top paying companies
Among the 16,166 dermatology doctors we've analyzed, about 64% received any industry payment (median $642 among those who did). This doctor's total ranks around the 62th percentile of that group.
Benchmark reflects doctors we've analyzed, not all US dermatology doctors.
Payments to Seema Daulat do not imply any wrongdoing. Many are meals, education, or research support.